An Article Review of Wealth Transmission and Inequality...

A 2010 special issue of the peer-reviewed journal Current Anthropology shows a fascinating way in which anthropology can emerge from current debates and quarrels in American culture, even while it looks at traditional hunter-gatherer societies. The special issues stated theme for research is Intergenerational Wealth Transmission and Inequality in Premodern Societies. If the reader is inclined to practice anthropology upon the anthropologists contributing to this journal, then it would have to be noted that this 2010 examination of this issue in premodern societies may come from an increased awareness of the issue within the anthropologists own modern society. Between Bush-era debates and policy shift on the subject of the so-called death tax and Obama-era public protests about the 99 percent, the subject of inherited wealth, and inequality of wealth, is a serious topic for public debate in America itself. It is within this social context that the work in Current Anthropologys 2010 sp ecial issue begs to be understood. The first article in the special issue, Wealth Transmission and Inequality among Hunter-Gatherers, brings together ten separate authors to consider the question which has come foremost in American culture by examining five sample populations in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, and Melanesia. The work of Smith, Hill, Marlowe et al. in the article must be examined to understand how these anthropologists define their terms, findShow MoreRelatedLand Law Procedures in Kenya16833 Words   |  68 Pagesobjectives of the course is thus to equip one with the knowledge of the various categories of property rights in land and to know a bit about construction of forms and other documents used in the registration system. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course reviews the concept of land as property, the common law and statutory definitions of land, the various property rights and interests, historical foundations of land law in Kenya and the registration systems in Kenya. EVALUATION CATS will be done in the 6thRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesHoldt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites

Agency Practice Approach And Critique Essay - 1858 Words

Module 4: Agency Practice Approach and Critique My field placement this year is with Careers in Transition (CIT) in the Lives in Transition (LIT) program. LIT is a career-orientated program aimed towards women who have experienced domestic and/or family violence at some point in their lives which has, in most cases, resulted in some form of oppression in their journey towards self-sufficiency. The primary objective of LIT is to help clients achieve gainful employment, and the program itself is divided into 3 components. The first component is a counseling and information component that gives an introduction to what domestic and family violence is, further delving into the feelings and psychological effects that it has had on clients. In this component, clients get to explore and share their own experiences and struggles in a safe environment alongside peers who can relate with a qualified professional to facilitate this. The second component is a life skills and academic component. During this stage of the program, clients are taught practical skills and how to apply them in their everyday life, for example, math is introduced in the form of budgeting and balancing monthly income with outflow of expenses. Parenting skills, prioritizing and time management skills, nutrition and grocery shopping are some of the other things that are touched on, to name a few. The third compo nent is the job search for employment. This component is where the objective of LIT’s program isShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research Review1605 Words   |  7 Pagesleast amount of error (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2015, p.607). The aim of this paper is to critique the chosen SRR related to core temperature obtainment in children, relevance of the research problem to nursing practice, rigor of the research found in the SRR to include levels of evidence and designs of included studies, the clarity of findings, summarized findings in the SRR, and the implications for practice. Relevance of the Research Problem The proper yet least invasive route to perform the measurementRead MoreEvaluation Of A Evaluation Policy Evaluation816 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluation policies. By not disclosing their evaluation policies it can not be replicated or understood by new organization members. In addition, creates a way for organizations to make up policies without getting feedback about evaluation best practices. Trochim (2009) noted that evaluation policies are important to communicate mechanism on what evaluation should be done, what resources expended and how they they should be accomplished. He further noted that it is important to show who is responsibleRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Reproduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesseparated identity politics that were based on diversified and contingent intersections of sexuality, race, class, and gender. Identity feminism stirred interest in the voices and lives of women. This was defined as womanism or gyno-criticism. This approach involved searching for cont inuity and authenticity in the cultures of women and understanding the differences existing among women as being constitutive. Collins (1990) in Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of EmpowermentRead MoreBourdieu Marx And Durkheim, Political Economy With Cultural Studies Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis on cultural production. He summarizes this relation using the following equation: [(habitus)(capital)] + field = practice. It means that practice results from relations between one’s dispositions (habitus) and one’s position in a field (capital), within the current state of the social arena (field) (Bourdieu, 1986, p101). Therefore, in order to study the practices of cultural workers, we need to first know field, habitus, and capital. 1) A field is not a concrete place, but rather a social-spatialRead MoreWomen Poverty And Trauma Summary1159 Words   |  5 PagesFrancis East and Susan J. 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The film asserts it claim through a thrilling critique of the horrific meatRead MoreThe Immigration Reform And Immigrant Responsibility Act Of 1996 Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: This paper must challenge an area of study for this semester (Not using Lee textbook as references nor private or to refer to non-for profit agencies) to a government agency whom lost a United Supreme Court case since January 2010 issue; In such issues as the supremacy cooperative agreement Section 133 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) in adjunction with Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 287 and INA 287(g) (that was theRead MoreGap Analysis : Curriculum Development794 Words   |  4 Pagesnurses to use in clinical practice presently and in the future. Nursing faculties will need to concentrate on the development of quality and safety competencies in the future. Application of the Gap Analysis in the Nursing Education Gap analysis helps nurse educators and faculties to know what are the strengths and limitations in competency development (Fater, 2013). Content increase was visible with this process. The gap analysis approach helps educational and agency professional to explore anticipations

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses Ii Free Essays

Diskobolos vs. Ramesses II There are many unique qualities in art that depict the different time periods. One can decipher specific eras based on the attributes of the painting or sculpture. We will write a custom essay sample on Diskobolos vs. Ramesses Ii or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Egypt sculptures are completely different from Ancient Greece sculptures by way of body position, facial expressions and materials used. Understanding backgrounds, time periods, and history of the sculptures are important when analyzing the works of art. Ramesses II is located at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology. The statue was found at the Heracleopolis, Temple of Harsaphes, in Egypt â€Å"(Ramesses II). Archaeologists believe that the sculpture was made somewhere between 1897 and 1834 B. C during the time of the Middle Kingdom. The facial expression and body language illustrates his desire to be timeless. The sculpture is positioned in such a way that the body looks like it could stand the test of time. Made out of Quartzite stone, this sculpture is designed to preserve the Pharaoh’s power and immortality. The Pharaoh is seated with both hands and feet placed purposely close to his body to signify success, reign and power. He sits upright in a t ranquil manner reflecting power and kingship †(Ramesses II). Every inch of his body is made to perfection. His proportions are impeccable and is represents that of a god. The face of Ramesses is much, like all of the other Ancient Egyptian rulers during this tie period. The face has no personal qualities. â€Å"The same characteristics appear on almost all of his statues: a receding forehead with prominent brows; thoughtful, slightly downcast eyes; an aquiline nose with a broad bridge and rounded tip and a narrow mouth â€Å"(Ramasses II). The statue of Ramesses II is rather similar to the statue of Khafra. Ramesses II is seated in the exact same position as Khafra. Their hands and feet are close to the body while their faces have no personal attributes that give them their own identity. Both Statues were made to signify power and control. They wanted to be timeless and appear motionless. (See Figure 1) Figure 1. Statue of Ramesses II. The Ancient Greece era occurred after the Ancient Egyptian era and they had a very different design ascetic. In the classical period the Greeks created sculptures that were more life like. The sculptures actually looked like they were moving. Limbs were away from the body unlike that of Egyptian sculptures. The statues were asymmetrical and were positioned in a non-conventional way. A sculpture that has these characteristics is Diskobolos, It was originally created in bronze around 460-450 B. C. The statue is of a man about to throw a disk. He is bent at the waist with one arm out to the side. The potential energy expressed in this sculpture’s tightly-wound pose, expressing the moment of stasis just before the release, is an example of the advancement of Classical sculpture from the Egyptian period†(Diskobolos). This position demonstrates harmony and balance because every inch of his body is working together to create a smooth movement and throw. Each movement is essential to establish the position. â€Å" The working left arm balances the engaged right leg in the forward posi tion and the relaxed right arm balances the free left leg†(Janson, 124). The facial features are much more realistic. In this sculpture his face looks like he is working hard and focusing on the game. Emotions were thought out at this time period when creating art. If someone was happy they looked like it and if some was in pain they had the look of extreme discomfort. Also the idea of movement is really predominant in this time period. All the statues look like they are going to take a step or throw something in order to create movement. (See figure 2) figure 2. Statue of Diskobolus Both Greek and Egypt Sculptures have considerable differences but they also have some similarities. Both cultures valued the idea of a perfect muscular body yet one valued movement over timelessness. Each culture is unique with the artwork and sculptures that they left behind for us to study. They each donated something special to us and each art style had a profound effect on how we look and judge art. Works Cited â€Å"Discobolus. † Sir Thomas Browne. Web. 17 Nov. 2009. . Janson, H. W. Janson’s history of art the western tradition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. â€Å"Ramesses II. † Grove Art Onine. Oxford university press. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. . How to cite Diskobolos vs. Ramesses Ii, Papers

Transforming Curriculum Culturally Diverse Society

Question: Discuss about the Transforming Curriculum Culturally Diverse Society. Answer: Introduction: The three environmental cues that influence the expectations of communication are the atmosphere, psychological and physical cues that helps in sending and receiving communication messages. The environment cues also consists of the chairs, tables, sound and lightning that are generally present within the room while making an interaction. The room or the place where the communication is taking place is actually indicates the environment. Therefore, each cue has a direct and indirect effect on the expectancy of the level of communication. For example, most of the people likely to have a intimate conversation if they are physically close to each other and very less likely when they merely can see each other (O'Halloran, Worrall and Hickson 2015). Yes, the communicator have a huge responsibility towards the audience as the sole purpose of the communicator is to make the audience aware of his or her words and make them understand of the message that is been communicated. Moreover, the communicator not only just communicates the message but also respond to the frequent questions that are been asked by the audience while presenting in front of them. Yes, the audience also has equal responsibility towards the speaker as the level of communication depends on the sound relationship between the speaker and the audience. It is the primary duty of the audience to listen carefully and pay enough attention to the speaker while he or she is speaking. The audience also encourages the speaker by asking questions to make him or her interested while presenting in front of the audience (Carpenter and Lertpratchya 2016). The article Putins war on the West that was published in February 2014. The article has followed the five part reading effectively by starting with a brief description about the article then the body is divided into three paragraphs with suitable headings and sun heading and at the last with a measurable conclusion. Yes, the headline Putin war on the West attracts lot of readers and it seems to get valuable attention. Yes, the piece of the article supports closure as well the main points are described with the help of sub heading and diagrams respectively (Samraj 2014). Yes, it is justifiable to use double speak as it consumes less amount of time while speaking and it also helps the way of modern communication. Double speak are often associated with double talk and it is commonly address as distortion, switching and changing of words while speaking. For example, most of the time people say that someone has passed on without saying that the person has actually died. Therefore, instead on focusing grief for the person that has died the speaker put more amount of emphasis on the mere fact that the individual has gone into another one (Jackson and Feldman 2014). Chong, T. and Luo, B. (n.d.). Forbes and Billionaires: A Note on the Productive and Unproductive Entrepreneurial Activities in China. SSRN Electronic Journal. The article has used signpost in order to describe the audience about the productive and unproductive entrepreneurial activities of China. The article consists of several headings, points and a definite structure that is been followed in order to complete the article and make the audience much more aware of the importance of the article accordingly (Samraj 2014). The field of Psychology says that self-fulfilling prophecy is basically a person unknowingly causes a prediction that often comes true in their day to day life due to simple fact that he or she generally expects that prophecy to come true. Moreover, in other words it can be explained that self fulfilling prophecy is a type of expectation about a particular subject or an event that can directly affect our behavior towards the expected subject that causes the expectation to be realized. It is a type of cycling pattern of prophecy where our actions towards the several impacts of beliefs about us that also dictates action towards us and then reinforces beliefs in us which tends to reinforce our beliefs about ourselves (Merton 2016). The different types of listening styles are people oriented, content oriented, action oriented and time oriented. The pros and cons of people oriented style are that they basically focus on people emotions and always become more empathetic whereas it disadvantage is that it may seen as intrusive when it connects with others that are not relationship oriented. Content oriented people are more into in what is said and their benefits are that they focus on facts and evidence and they are quite happy when it comes to probing details. The main disadvantages are they often run into trouble when they ignore wishes and ideas of the other person and rejects information. Action oriented listening style are focused more on what actions will be done and happen and who will do them. They generally react very fast that creates impatient and hurry speakers and they also lack sound ideas and concepts. Lastly, the time oriented have constantly have eyes on the clock and they seek short answers that are to the point that may annoy more number of people (Dailey 2014). The choices of words in a document have a major role in depicting the amount of satisfaction the audience will gain after reading it. Topic can be either friendly or controversial and audiences can be either honest or bias audiences. If the topic is honest he or she will respond calmly to the controversial topics as well as friendly topics but in the case of bias audiences controversial topic may arise conflicts among themselves as they dishonest and does not understand the meaning of the documents as well. Sales letter are letter that provides detail information about the product and sales related transactions to the audiences. If the audience is from a different cultural background it is the duty of the speaker to tailored his or her language according to the understanding of his or her audience and present them. The speaker while speaking to the audience should always keep in mind the cultural difference of the audience and must always provide respect the cultural values and norms of the audiences while presenting in front of them. The reality of the modern world is that while presenting and speaking in the social community nowadays audiences are of diverse culture they are made up of different people with distinct beliefs and standards of life. The better the speaker understand the diverse audience the better he or she will be able to communicate with them. There are various ways to manage diverse range of audience. For example, keeping things simple while interacting with the audiences put much more emphasis with the audience and try to learn their value system respectively and try to learn the different cultures and their distinctive norms this will provide efficacy while presenting in front of the diverse audiences (Hollins 2013). Yes, it is very much important to consider rhetorical situations due to the fact that a rhetorical situation is a type of situation in which you write, it is known as the rhetorical event that generally consists of issues. set of constraints and audiences. Rhetorical situations can be described as the art of persuasive and effective writing and is art of discourse writing that helps in employing methods to influence and please different audience (Pare 2014). Yes, organizing a presentation does involve ethics as most of the presentations are prepared for board meetings and seminars in a brief and formal way to address senior level management employees. The making of presentations are done on the basic standards that been provided by the organizations with a sound structure and in a ethical way. Therefore, non-ethical use of words and actions are strictly prohibited while organizing a formal presentation. This speech was been delivered by Sachin Tendulkar after retiring from Test cricket. The five structural element of speech consists of knowing the audience, knowing the purpose of the speech, putting entire focus on the message, letting the audience on your structure and emotions. In the above-mentioned speech the speaker is well aware of his audience that is the whole country is watching him along with millions of people in the stadiums. The main purpose of the speech is to covey the retirement message. The entire speech was about the message that Sachin Tendulkar is getting retired from the playing in Test Cricket formats. The message was been sent directly to the audience and they were cheering for him as the speech helps the audience to be in their own structure. Lastly, the speech was emotional as the dream of seeing him play is always cherishing for his audiences and the speech was able to connect the audience emotionally (Trenholm 2016). The process of perception always tries to expand our view as it provides a sequential steps that basically begins with selecting the perceptions then organizing and interpretation of those stimuli respectively. Yes, we can choose to perceive things, but every individual perceptions varies from each other as self beliefs and cultures and standard of life styles differ from each other on a daily basis (Broadbent 2013). References: Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Carpenter, S. and Lertpratchya, A.P., 2016. Social Media Communicator Roles: A Scale.Social Media+ Society,2(1), p.2056305116632778. Dailey, S.L., 2014. Let's Take a Trip: Exploring the Effect of Listening Styles.Communication Teacher,28(1), pp.1-8. Hollins, E.R., 2013.Transforming curriculum for a culturally diverse society. Routledge. Jackson, P. and Feldman, M., 2014. Doublespeak: The Framing of the Far-Right since 1945. Merton, R.K., 2016. The self-fulfilling prophecy.The Antioch Review,74(3), pp.504-521. O'Halloran, R., Worrall, L. and Hickson, L., 2015. Environmental factors that influence communication between patients and their healthcare providers in acute hospital stroke units: an observational study.International Journal of Language Communication Disorders, pp.1-18. Par, A., 2014. Rhetorical genre theory and academic literacy.Journal of Academic Language and Learning,8(1), pp.A83-A94. Samraj, B., 2014. 14. Move structure.Pragmatics of discourse,3, p.385. Trenholm, S., 2016.Thinking through communication. Routledge.

Lord of the flies Why do things start to fall apart on the island Essay Example

Lord of the flies Why do things start to fall apart on the island Paper William Golding foreshadows mans destruction of the island from the beginning chapter of the book. A large scar was made in the untouched jungle, symbolizing the first of mans destruction on the island. The description of the island makes it sound like paradise, however the fruits make the children sick, which shows that not everything is so perfect here. Even thought they are only children they started by setting rules and following order, which might make readers think that it wouldnt turn out so bad after all. However disagreements arise from the start. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½I ought to be chief, said Jack with simple arrogance, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp. This shows the early signs of the tension between Jack and Ralph, and it also shows Jacks pride. They elect a leader, Ralph, who could think rationally and who talks about getting rescued. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the flies Why do things start to fall apart on the island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the flies Why do things start to fall apart on the island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the flies Why do things start to fall apart on the island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Right from the start Jack took possession of hunting. He wanted his people to hunt and wanted to be their leader. Jack wanted to control people and make them do what he wants from the start. At the end of chapter one we read of Jacks first attempt to kill a pig. While his first attempt fails, his quote next time foreshadowed his future of savage hunting. By now things look promising on the island because they have everything they need to survive and have also organized themselves. They also make new rules. we cant have everybody talking at once. Well have to have hands up like at school. This shows that they still stick to rules and find them very useful. One of the first signs of things deteriorating is the mentioning of the beastie, and what seems strange is that Ralph, the leader and sensible one of the lot laughs at the little boy and does not listen to him. The rising action starts in the middle of chapter 2 where the boys attempt to make a signal fire but it rages out of control. Rules are all abandoned at the mention of making a fire and chaos over takes. This leads to the death of one of the kids which shows that rules will be broken again later on in the book and it wont stop at the death of one kid accidentally. After this, order is slowly lost and chaos slowly takes its place. When Piggy asks to talk and takes the conch Jake doesnt care. The conch represents law and order and when Jack disregards it, it shows that he will disregard all rules later on in the book. Jack also shows signs of belligerence when he argues with Ralph about the signal fire, and claims that The conch doesnt count on the mountain! At chapter three Jack is hunting and is acting very much like a predator hunting its prey. When he meets Ralph and Simon he doesnt even notice the huts theyve tried very hard to build. The explanation he gives for not helping them is we need meat. Jack is solely concerned with hunting, and cannot see the necessity of other things that can keep them live. Killing a pig has being an obsession for Jack. This shows that slowly Jack is drifting away from society and is loosing his innocence.

Holding Back Your Backstory

Holding Back Your Backstory Holding Back Your Backstory Holding Back Your Backstory By Michael Authors call the hidden part of a characters life their backstory. When I was acting in plays, directors might ask me to decide what my character was doing before the scene began. Since my character is supposed to be a real human being, he has a life outside of what appears on the stage or on the page. Every character is like an iceberg there is more to the character than appears on the surface. If its a minor character, the reader may never learn much about what is under the surface. But even if you dont write about it, it still has to exist. A 25-year-old woman, by definition, has 25 years of life experience. Unless she was raised by wolves, she was raised by people, even if your story never mentions it. Everything she does, she does for a reason, unless she is mentally ill, and even then, as they say, there is reason in her madness. Keep the backstory in the background. A backstory is your tool to help you create your story, not a creation in itself. Your reader may never see it directly. Part of the editing job is to prune away references to the backstory that dont advance your story. Doing that may be painful if you think you have a darling backstory, but, as you know, writers have to kill their darlings. If your backstory is as fascinating as you think, use it to write a prequel. Backstory is for characters, not for writers. Details add life, but dont spend time coming up with old details for the sake of details. Decide what events and experiences could have made your characters into the people they became. But just because your character wants to say something, that doesnt mean your reader needs to hear it. Understatement increases interest. A five-page backstory digression about a father who worked in psychological operations during the war will probably become more interesting as you make it shorter. The shorter you make it, the more you leave to your readers imagination and the more interesting it will be come. Dont front-load your backstory. You may call it a prologue, but most prologues are not necessary. Instead, use the basic editing approach of cutting as much as possible from the beginning without confusing your reader. Youll likely discover that you can begin your story at an exciting point, in media res (Latin for â€Å"in the midst of things†), without having to explain everything first. Your story needs to catch your readers interest immediately. Adding a long introduction before the interesting part is about as effective as adding a long explanation before telling a joke. Nobody will laugh. You can add backstory as needed. Writing is more like sculpting with clay than with marble. If you find you need something, you can slap it on later. For example, once a mystery writer decides who committed the crime, she can go back and develop a backstory that explains why. She can reveal that on the night the plans were stolen by an unknown spy, the sweet kindergarten teacher was in the next room. But she can also hint that the teacher learned to sing The Internationale as a child when her intellectual parents invited other immigrants over to discuss politics. Dont info-dump. Yes, maybe you absolutely have to tell your reader something so they can understand whats happening. But how you share backstory elements is as important as what you share, if not more so. Share them naturally. Dont abuse characters, such as maids and butlers, by having them talk about information they already know. Spread out your revelations over several pages or chapters. The principle Show, dont tell applies here. So does the principle of subtlety. Youre creating an experience, not simply communicating facts. You dont need to flash back for a backstory. Flashbacks can be confusing and overused, along with other sudden changes in time and setting. You want your reader to always be wanting more, and how can they be curious about something if youve already told them all about? Instead of telling your backstory as another little story, intersperse it into your main story. You can say, At the Anhui Palace, she tried the Honeycomb Tofu, but it was much sweeter than her mother made it, instead of, Her mother had immigrated from the Chinese province of Anhui. Sometimes writers think their backstory is story. Its common: as your mind works out your tale, it spins out both story and backstory, and both may end up on your page. Identify when your real story takes place: what is the conflict? When does it come to a head? Look at references to the past, and see if your story still works if you remove some of them if you begin your story later. Does your second chapter work as your first chapter? Then maybe you should remove your first chapter, call it backstory, and interweave its contents, revelations and hints into the rest of your book. Avoid world-builders disease. Because J.R.R. Tolkiens high fantasy novels are more imitated than any others in the genre, his imitators might feel they need to copy his backstories as well. But the creator of The Lord of the Rings, who was a professor of philology and Old English, apparently enjoyed creating backstories more than creating the novels themselves. Otherwise, he could have published even more novels. If you want to publish more novels, you need to spend more time writing novels than creating the backstory for them. Because of Tolkiens popularity, his son was able to get these backstories published, but dont count on doing that yourself. James Michener was known, even teased, for his heavily-researched historical novels that sometimes retold the geological formation of the places where they were set. But in an interview with Voice of America, he said, Now if you look at the best books of the research writers, theyre as good as anything anybody else did. But the bulk of the best books, I think, come from people who just sit at a desk and write. And if I were starting over again, knowing that I had the ability that I did have, I might well go that route. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should Know10 Techniques for More Precise WritingPredicate Complements

Need to summarise and paraphrase in own words Essay

Need to summarise and paraphrase in own words - Essay Example Even though the two sources overlap, they differ in focus as social science evaluates social processes and structures while nursing concentrates on the dearth of men in nursing and recruitment and retention approaches. Additionally, social science asserts that male nurses experience difficulties in their profession while nursing opposes this assertion. According to the author, historically, men were greatly involved in nursing in war and during the monastic movement. But in the 19th Century, Florence Nightingale introduced reforms in training based on the perception of women as being biologically endowed in caring and nurturing which saw men being replaced by women in nursing as men solely took up combat roles. The challenges that men face in nursing include cultural norms that makes people in other professions to discriminate against them. In addition, the support from supervisors, clients and colleagues and the discrimination from outsiders considering them as feminised males also present a challenge. Therefore, male nurses adopt labour practices that would shield them from stereotypic segregation. Despite these discriminative aspects, the researcher notes that men would not experience prejudice or discrimination in female-dominated occupations as would females in male-dominated occupations. Their minority representation advantages them for promotion as opposed to hindering them. The discrimination in hiring places them at an advantaged context as female-dominated specialties have been noted to attract more males. Sexist attitudes hinder females from breaking the invisible barriers for promotions to highest